Contoh Soal UTBK Literasi Bahasa Inggris dan Jawaban

The following text is for questions 1 to 5.
A groundbreaking study published in the journal Nature Medicine has shed new light on the potential causes of Alzheimer’s disease, offering hope for the development of new treatments. The research, conducted by a team of scientists from Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, focused on the role of the immune system in the progression of the neurodegenerative disease.

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the accumulation of two types of abnormal proteins in the brain: amyloid plaques and tau tangles. The study aimed to investigate the link between inflammation and Alzheimer’s by examining the effects of a specific type of immune cell called microglia. Microglia are responsible for identifying and removing damaged or infected cells in the brain.

The researchers discovered that in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients, microglia were far more active and were clustered around amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Furthermore, the more active the microglia were, the more synapses (vital connections between neurons) had been lost, and the more severe the patient’s cognitive decline. Experiments on genetically modified mice confirmed that blocking the activity of microglia could significantly reduce synapse loss and improve memory function.

The study’s lead author, Dr. Beth Stevens, emphasized the significance of the findings, stating, “This research provides the first direct evidence that microglia play a crucial role in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. By identifying this new pathway, we open up exciting possibilities for the development of therapies that could slow or even halt the devastating effects of this disease.” While more work is needed to fully understand the complex interplay between the immune system and the brain, this study represents a major breakthrough in Alzheimer’s research.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Amyloid plaques and tau tangles are the primary causes of Alzheimer’s disease.
B. Microglia are the main immune cells responsible for fighting infections in the brain.
C. A new study has identified the role of overactive microglia in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, offering hope for new treatments.
D. Blocking the activity of microglia can completely cure Alzheimer’s disease.
E. Inflammation in the brain has no significant impact on the development of Alzheimer’s disease.

2. According to the passage, what did the researchers discover about microglia in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients?
A. They were less active compared to microglia in healthy brains.
B. They were consuming damaged and infected cells, as they should.
C. They were clustered around amyloid plaques and tau tangles and were more active.
D. They had no apparent effect on the loss of synapses or cognitive decline.
E. They were able to completely remove amyloid plaques and tau tangles.

3. Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?
A. Pessimistic and discouraging
B. Neutral and unbiased
C. Optimistic and hopeful
D. Sarcastic and cynical
E. Angry and frustrated

4. The word “devastating” in the quote from Dr. Beth  Stevens is closest in meaning to:
A. Mild
B. Manageable
C. Unpredictable
D. Catastrophic
E. Mysterious

5. Based on the information provided in the passage, which of the following statements is an inference that can be drawn?
A. Blocking the activity of microglia is likely to be a simple and effective cure for Alzheimer’s disease.
B. The buildup of amyloid plaques and tau tangles is the sole cause of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s patients.
C. Therapies targeting the activity of microglia could potentially slow or stop the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
D. The immune system plays no role in the development or progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
E. The findings of this study are unlikely to lead to any significant advancements in Alzheimer’s treatment.

baca juga: les privat bekasi

This passage is for questions 6-10

The human microbiome—the vast community of microorganisms inhabiting our bodies—has emerged as a crucial factor in understanding human health and disease. Recent research has revealed that the microbiome, particularly the gut microbiota comprising trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, influences far more than just digestive function. These microbial communities produce essential vitamins, train our immune systems, protect against pathogens, and metabolize compounds that human cells cannot process independently. The composition of these communities begins developing at birth and is influenced by numerous factors including delivery method, infant feeding practices, antibiotic exposure, diet, and environmental conditions.

Emerging evidence suggests bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the brain through multiple pathways collectively known as the "gut-brain axis." Microbes produce neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds that can influence neural function, while vagus nerve connections and immune system interactions provide additional communication routes. Studies have linked gut microbiome composition to cognitive function, stress response, and mood regulation, with potential implications for conditions ranging from anxiety and depression to neurodegenerative disorders. In one notable investigation, researchers found that transferring gut microbiota from
individuals with depression to microbiome-depleted animals resulted in behaviors resembling depressive symptoms, suggesting a causal relationship.

Modern lifestyle factors including processed food consumption, decreased dietary diversity, increased sanitization, and widespread antibiotic use have substantially altered human microbiome composition compared to our ancestors. These changes correlate with rising rates of inflammatory and metabolic disorders, prompting research into microbiome-targeted interventions. Therapeutic approaches under investigation include probiotics (beneficial live microorganisms), prebiotics (compounds that promote growth of beneficial bacteria), fecal microbiota transplantation, and precision manipulation of specific bacterial strains. While showing promise in preliminary studies, researchers emphasize that the microbiome’s complexity necessitates moving beyond simplistic “good versus bad bacteria” models toward understanding ecological interactions within these microbial communities.

6. What is the primary focus of this scientific text?
A. The evolution of bacteria within the human digestive system
B. Methods for manipulating gut bacteria to treat specific illnesses
C. The relationship between microorganisms and human health
D. Comparing microbiome composition across different human populations
E. The development of new probiotic medications

7. According to the text, how does the gut microbiome influence the brain?
A. By directly controlling neuron development in early childhood
B. Through multiple pathways including neurotransmitter production and nerve connections
C. By preventing harmful bacteria from reaching the brain
D. Through the production of anti-inflammatory compounds that protect neural tissue
E. By regulating blood flow to different regions of the brain

8. Which statement represents a cause-effect relationship described in the text?
A. Modern lifestyle factors have altered microbiome composition, potentially contributing to disease rates
B. Gut bacteria evolved specifically to help humans digest processed foods
C. Antibiotic development was inspired by studying the human microbiome
D. Neurodegenerative disorders directly cause changes to gut bacteria composition
E. Microbiome research has led to decreased use of antibiotics worldwide

9. The term “bidirectional communication” in paragraph two suggests that:
A. Microbes can travel in both directions between the gut and brain
B. The gut and brain can each influence the other through various mechanisms
C. Information about the microbiome flows between different research institutions
D. Bacteria communicate with each other using two different chemical signals
E. Treatments must target both the gut and brain simultaneously to be effective

10. Based on the text, researchers current understanding of the microbiome can best be described as:
A. Complete, with clear therapeutic applications established
B. Focused primarily on identifying “good” bacteria to promote through supplements
C. Limited to observational studies without experimental evidence
D. Complex, recognizing ecological interactions rather than simple categorizations
E. Theoretical, with few practical applications currently under investigation

Kunci Jawaban Soal UTBK Literasi Bahasa Inggris

1. C The main idea of the passage is that a new study has identified the role of overactive microglia in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, offering hope for new treatments. The passage focuses on the findings of the research, which link the activity of microglia to the loss of synapses and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s patients. The other options are either not mentioned or are secondary to the main idea.
2. C The researchers discovered that in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients, microglia were clustered around amyloid plaques and tau tangles and were more active compared to microglia in healthy brains. This increased activity was associated with the loss of synapses and cognitive decline. The other options are either incorrect or not supported by the information provided in the text.
3. C The overall tone of the passage is optimistic and hopeful. The research findings are presented as a “groundbreaking” and “major breakthrough” in Alzheimer’s research, offering new possibilities for developing treatments that could slow or halt the disease’s progression. The passage acknowledges the need for further research but emphasizes the significance and potential impact of the discovery.
4. D The word “devastating” is closest in meaning to “catastrophic.” Dr. Stevens is referring to the severe and destructive effects of Alzheimer’s disease on patients and their families, highlighting the importance of finding new therapies to combat the disease. The other options do not capture the intensity and negative impact implied by the word “devastating.”
5. C The study’s findings suggest that overactive microglia play a crucial role in the loss of synapses and cognitive decline, and the experiments on mice demonstrate that blocking microglial activity can reduce these effects. Therefore, developing therapies that modulate microglial activity could be a promising approach to managing Alzheimer’s disease. The other options are either unsupported by the text or contradicted by the information provided.
6. C The text broadly examines how the microbiome affects various aspects of human health, beyond just specific treatments or populations.
7. B The text mentions microbes producing “neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds” and ‘vagus nerve connections’ as communication pathways.
8. A Paragraph 3 states that lifestyle changes “have substantially altered human microbiome composition” and “correlate with rising rates of inflammatory and metabolic disorders.”
9. B “Bidirectional” indicates two-way communication, and the text describes how microbes influence the brain and how neural processes can affect the gut.
10. D The text emphasizes “he microbiome’s complexity” and the need to move “beyond simplistic ‘good versus bad bacteria’ models toward understanding ecological interactions.”

baca juga: les cpns jakarta

Menghadapi soal UTBK Literasi Bahasa Inggris memang membutuhkan latihan yang konsisten serta strategi membaca yang tepat. Meskipun contoh soal yang disajikan di atas hanya berjumlah 10 soal, latihan tersebut dapat menjadi gambaran awal tentang bagaimana pola pertanyaan literasi bahasa Inggris yang sering muncul dalam UTBK SNBT. Dengan membiasakan diri membaca teks berbahasa Inggris, memahami ide utama, serta menganalisis makna dalam konteks bacaan, kemampuan literasi kamu akan semakin terasah. Semakin sering berlatih, semakin cepat pula kamu mengenali tipe soal dan menemukan jawaban yang tepat dalam waktu yang terbatas.

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